The Ultimate Guide to 12 English Punctuation Marks

January 22, 2019 Punctuation is the primary method of differentiating between various fragments of the text and make the reading process easier and more informative. Some punctuation marks are used intuitively, while others are often misused and need to be studied. We have created a complete guide to teach you the basics of using 12 most common punctuation marks. The scientific definition of punctuation is a collection of symbols that can clarify the meaning behind the phrases and sentences, separate their different parts, and highlight the meaning of the words and word constructions. When used correctly, punctuation marks can enrich your writing and make it complete and legible. There are 12 most common punctuation marks used in the English language, and here are the tips on using each one of them. Full Stop or Period The full stop is among the most widely employed punctuation marks in English and is actually one of the marks that are employed intuitively. A full stop is not used to highlight the meaning or elevate the style of the text; its sole purpose is to signal the completion of the sentence. Question Mark Each sentence that has a direct question at the end of it will also have a question following the last word, but it’s only true for direct questions. Sentences that include indirect questions do not require a question mark. Similarly, if a sentence is categorized as a request that is worded like a question, it does not need a question mark at the end. At the same time, long and complex questions, often found in periodicals, should always be followed by a question mark. If there is a question inside the sentence, for example, when it’s in quotes or parentheses, a question mark is always needed. Exclamation Mark The role of the exclamation mark is a stylistic one: it is a tool that is used for conveying emotions like excitement, as well as point to the urgency or dramatic character of the sentence. Using an exclamation mark when necessary is a sure-fire way to make your text more attention-grabbing. Less common instances where the exclamation mark is used include the expression of sarcasm or in cases where the exclamation mark is used together with the question mark to demonstrate surprise. Using multiple exclamation marks is not acceptable in literature and professional setting, but is perfectly normal in informal writing. Comma Comma is one of the most diverse punctuation marks with several important purposes. The most common use of the comma is to separate different elements of the sentence like adjectives or items of a list. When there is a need to create a logical pause between two parts of the sentence, a comma should also be used. Another instance where the comma is widely used is when you’re writing down the date or want to separate the name of the city from the name of the country. Semicolon There are several instances where a semicolon proves to be indispensable in a text. The first one is when you want to omit conjunction from a long sentence to improve its readability. Another reason to use a semicolon is when you have two related short sentences that you want to combine into a single phrase. One more acceptable use of the semicolon is to separate the items on a list. Colon The colon punctuation mark usually precedes a list of items. When you are writing a sentence with two independent clauses, where the second clause illustrates the first one, also use a colon. Sometimes colons are used interchangeably with the em dash to signal the end of the sentence. Parentheses The parentheses are usually used in of the two cases: when you need to introduce an afterthought into the sentence and when you need to provide clarification. In both cases, it’s very important that the sentence reads logical and informative, as well as makes sense, even without the text in the parentheses. In other words, the parentheses should not change the structure or sense of the sentence and should only provide additional information. Hyphen Hyphen is most commonly used in compound words, or words that consist of two or more words that represent a separate idea. However, not all compound words are written with a hyphen; some of them can open or closed compound words. Another common case that calls for the use of hyphen is numbers written as words. En Dash It’s very important to differentiate between the hyphen and the en dash. The most common use of an en dash is a range of numbers, distance, or relationships. The first two instances are rather clear, but the third one is rather complex. The range of relationships that can be introduced by an en dash includes connection, conflict, and distance. Em Dash The em dash is one of the most widespread punctuation marks in professional writing. Depending on the context, the em dash can be used instead of parenthesis, comma, or semicolon. The main purpose of the em dash is to make a stylistically grounded interruption in the text. Single Quotation Mark A single quotation mark is a less common punctuation mark that can be very useful in the following situations: To show possession; To show contractions; To introduce a quote within a sentence. Double Quotation Marks The only case where double quotation marks are used is to signal the presence of quotes. There are no other situations where the use of quotation marks is justified, whether it’s for emphasis or to highlight a title of a book or film.

The Sequence Of Development For Each Child Should Follow A...

The sequence of development for each child should follow a similar pattern. The 5 key areas of development are: social, physical, intellectual, communication and language, and emotional. The rate that general development should take place differs from child to child, but there are 9 age ranges which certain stages of development should fall into, for a child that is developing healthily and normally. I will now detail each age range, and development sequence. 0 to 3 months: Social Development A child will cry to communicate They respond to facial gestures from others, such as smiles, and can respond positively to attention from others, unless upset or angry. They only consider others as there to satisfy their own needs. Physical Development Sleeps often and grows quickly Should begin trying to lift own head Starts to kick legs and gradually move Begins waving arms Starts to hold appropriate objects if placed in their hands Hand eye coordination develops and grasp reflex diminishes Enjoys simple finger play Become more alert when awake Learns to roll Can see at a distance of 25cm well, can begin to start watching further away objects Needs opportunity to play to develop further Intellectual Development Recognises simple patterns, concentrates on known voices Aware of different scents and smells Puts objects in mouth to explore Observes moving objects, responds to bright colour. Recalls and stores information via images Sees everything in an egocentric manner, in relation toShow MoreRelatedThe Development of Attachment Essay793 Words   |  4 PagesThe Development of Attachment Psychological research can inform us about the development of attachments to a certain extent. Mary Ainsworth actually covered a definition explaining, how we know when an attachment has developed. This is; the infant tries to get close to and maintain that proximity with the caregiver, using a number of strategies to do so. E.g. clinging and signalling behaviours such as smiling, crying and calling. The fact she has outlined this definitionRead MoreDevelopmental Patterns Of A Second Language2382 Words   |  10 PagesDevelopmental Patterns in Interlanguage Second Language Acquistion (SLA) scholars have focused on a wide range of theories to explain the complex process of learning a second (or additional) language. In the mid-1960s, as a relatively new field in its own right, SLA research was built upon a multidisciplinary base of studies from fields such as linguistics, psychology, and education to describe and explain the universal and variable factors involved in second language acquisition. Although muchRead MoreExplain the Sequence and Rate of Each Aspect of Development from Birth - 19 Years1105 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 1 Child and Young Person Development Learning Outcome: Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people from birth - 19 years. Task 1: Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth - 19 years. The aspects of development are defined as Physical, Social Emotional, Language and Intellectual. There are different stages of development for each category, 0-3 years, 3-7 years, 7-12 years and 12-19 years. All children will follow the sameRead MoreThe Uniqueness Of The Kodaly Method2458 Words   |  10 PagesChapter One The Uniqueness of the Kodaly Method Zoltan Kodaly chose a child-developmental approach when developing his method. This approach teaches skills in the order and pace in which the child develops rather than subject logic. â€Å"In a subject-logic approach there is no relationship between the order of presentation and the order in which children learn easily. The subject matter is simply organized in a fashion that seems reasonable in terms of content.† The subject-logic approach rhythmicallyRead MoreChildren At An Early Age1692 Words   |  7 PagesExpose children at an early age to reading environments in order to help them understand that books are symbols that can have meaning and can be read. At first, a young child could probably see a book as one more of his toys but as he or her are continually exposed to reading they will learn to turn pages by themselves and later they will pretend to read a book and make vocal sounds when â€Å"reading† a book. 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Toddlers are now able to explore their environment freely. They dont need to be picked up to look around now, and can walk to many places. Toddlers think for themselves and are conveying these thought in many ways (mostly through talking.) Toddlers should be observed whenRead MoreExplain The Sequence And Rate Of Each Aspect Of Development From Birth 19 Years4523 Words   |  19 PagesUnit 1. Assessment Criteria 1.1.1. Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth-19 years. At birth a baby relies on sight and touch for their intellectual development, they have limited language, and all information is processed visually, as a baby grows they develop intellectually by participating in imaginative play ie a box becomes a car or train or plane. They will also imitate and explore new behaviours and forms of play, their confidence will grow as they near theRead More023 Understand Child and Young Person development6353 Words   |  26 PagesAssignment 023 Understand Child and Young Person Development Table 1: Physical development Age range Explain the sequence and rate of development 0-3 months When born, babies show innate reflexes, such as swallowing and sucking, rooting reflex, grasp reflex, startle reflex, walking and standing reflex; in the first month babies become less curled up and the startle reflex is starting to fade; toward the end of the third month babies start lifting and turning their heads. 3-6 months Read MoreSample Based Assessment Tasks Should Be Submitted Electronically Using Learnonline Gradebook2422 Words   |  10 PagesAssignment Cover Sheet – External ________________________________________ Please note: All text based assessment tasks should be submitted electronically using learnonline Gradebook. A cover sheet is automatically created and includes your name and student ID therefore you should not upload or embed the document in your assignment. If submitting your assignment in hard copy you should complete and attached this Assignment Cover Sheet. Please check your Course Outline or contact your School Office for

Affirmative Action Is It Still Needed - 1544 Words

In the United States justice is defined as equal treatment of all its citizens under the law. When one citizen is mistreated an injustice has been committed against all people. Affirmative Action is a program whose purpose is to make sure that citizens are treated equally by enforcing a set of policies which are designed to promote the inclusion of all individuals regardless of race, disability, sex, or religion. In the United States democracy we are all equal, but some groups have been enjoying more advantages in society than others for centuries. Current statistics show the depth of modern day racial gaps, which are rooted in historical discrimination and modern-day structural racism. Generations of nominal disadvantages have created†¦show more content†¦Many people have built up stereotypes about certain minority groups and women and believe that that hiring a white male would be the best option because they are more dependable. This ignorance prompts businesses to hire o nly white males and not minorities or women, and if not for affirmative action then that’s all modern day Corporate America would be full of those who are â€Å"dependable†. Let’s not forget the racism that prompted affirmative action to be initiated. African Americans were a depressed race for many years because they were thought of as less than human beings and were treated unfairly until recently. Women were unable to vote, work, or even own land for many years. Does affirmative action produce some form of reverse discrimination (Dworkin 1986)? The answer to that question would be no it doesn’t; it just evens the playing field or counter acts the discrimination that it already out there. Without a program out there to enforce equality for all men and women, who’s to say we won’t revert back to our old ways? Basically everyone is not cut from the same cloth. Meaning every person is not afforded the same opportunities to succeed in todayâ €™s society and some are given much less than others. Even with affirmative action (and much more so if it were to be Swindell 4 eliminated), African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American Indians face grossly unequal opportunity in American society. Consider the following facts. If youShow MoreRelatedaffirmative action1695 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Abstract What is affirmative action? Affirmative action is an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, esp. in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination. In the 1940s: President Roosevelt signed an order making discrimination illegal in defense contracting. 1954: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that separate but equal facilities on the basis of race were unconstitutionally discriminatory. The Act of 1964: CongressRead MoreAffirmative Action Should Not Be Legal1188 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative action is stated as, â€Å"the encouragement of increased representation of women and minority-group members, especially in employment† (dictionary.com, 2015). Within our time and during most of the civil rights movement minority groups have always found it harder to secure more efficient and higher paying jobs due to racism, stereotypical people, and their behavior. With this being the cause to affirmative action c ongress had to put a law into effect to ensure that this would not continueRead MoreEssay on Affirmative Action863 Words   |  4 Pageshis famous â€Å"I have a Dreamquot; speech in Washington, D.C. in 1963. Is affirmative action still needed in America? Affirmative action is still needed because America does not have enough equality and diversity. Almost all of our American history dealt with inequality between the white men and the black men. 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Affirmative action was originally put in place to ensureRead More Affirmitive Action Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pages Affirmative Action is the name given to programs that try to correct past and ongoing discriminations against women, racial minorities, and others in the work force and in education. The principal goal of Affirmative Action is to create more diversity and equal opportunities in jobs or scho ols that used to be all or mostly male, white, or both. Affirmative Action programs have been in place only a little over thirty years. Affirmative action works. There are thousands of examples of situations whereRead MoreAffirmative Action At The United States1634 Words   |  7 Pageswrong with you? Why, nothing. You have everything we are looking for, it’s just†¦you’re black†¦Ã¢â‚¬  First established in 1961, Affirmative action (in the United States) was/is a practice in which the purpose is to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women (Merriam Webster). Fast forward to today’s society and what is affirmative action now? Considering the prevalence of diversity in the workplace and in educational facilities, it should be of utmost importanceRead MoreThe Equal Employment Opportunity Act1119 Words   |  5 Pagessometimes due to discrimination. Through this act, Affirmative Action was established to ensure that a certain amount of minorities were able to get a quality education and to get jobs in places that they would have struggled to be employed at before. Affirmative Action has helped minorities get the education and jobs that they need. Overall, this system has made up for some of the past discrimination that has affected these minority groups. Affirmative Action should be used until racial and gender imbalance

Digital Communication - 2356 Words

The world we live in today is ever changing with the advancement of technology in our daily aspect of life. Technology has changed and improved the way we communicate and relate with each other, the way we shop, do businesses, the way we make plans for the future and has gone far by bringing the world closer than ever before. This essay will focus mainly on certain areas such as, the differences between the traditional communication and the current communication style. It will slightly elaborate on the various forms of digital communication. I will also be discussing on how different cultures and societies practice digital communication and lastly on the negative and positive impact of digital communication. Communication is the†¦show more content†¦Messages sent are guaranteed privacy unless information such as password is been shared. Traditional communication leaves not much room for communication to be available to distance and outside world. As there is the limited chance of information not reaching due to it cost of transmitting, this has reduced the means of communication compare to what we have now, where information is available freely and globally to everyone with a computer and internet connection. It has bridge the gap between developing societies and developed societies as all information is readily available online. The situation of things happening in another part of the world is available without moving an inch from a computer. Digital Communication is the exchange of information electronically. Recently, there has been a huge amount of change and development in digital communication. One of the significant changes within the digital revolution is a person’s ability to communicate with other people. In the 19th century, forms of communication were limited. In the 21st century, communication options have exploded to offer a wide variety of choices (e.g., e-mail, cellular phones, instant messaging, etc). 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My 15 years of policing shared both in Calgary and England, has given me varied experiences and knowledge of front line policing and public service. The various administrative and operational roles during my career have provided me an understanding and belief of valuing and maintaining public support for the CPS. 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Frontier operated under the Citizens name until 2008 when it was formally changed. Frontier Communications Corporation currently is headquartered in Connecticut, and provides internet, phone, digital security products, video and satellite TV through a partnership with DISH network; to residents

Compare and Contrast Nurit Bird-Davids and Kaplans...

In Stone Age Economics, Marshall Sahlins offered cross-cultural interpretations of various economic practices. The most powerful argument in the opus concerned the economic behaviour of hunter-gatherers. It was a general anthropological assumption that hunter-gatherers were pre-occupied only with the quest for food and lived on the edge of starvation. However, in his book, Sahlins used anthropological field studies which revealed that contemporary hunter-gatherer societies not only have an adequate diet, but enjoy much more leisure time than supposedly more advanced agricultural peoples. Sahlins concluded that prehistoric hunter-gatherer communities were the â€Å"original affluent society.† The term did not go unnoticed amongst the scholars.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"As a result [†¦] he provoked a theory of abundance with cost (owing to ecological dictates) when he had set out to offer the opposite, a theory of affluence without abundance (owing to cultural in fluences)† (Bird-David 1992:28). However, according to Bird-David this problem can be sorted out and that Sahlins did â€Å"have a point† (Bird-David 1992:34). Under the culturalist reformulation loop, Bird-David presents us the â€Å"cosmic economy of sharing† (1992:28), which she judges as being the basis of foraging societies. This same cosmic economy of sharing dictates the economic and social behaviours of the foragers. This theory implies that the hunter-gatherers have full trust in nature believing that nature will always be generous towards them and will provide them with their needs. The economy is based on the abundance postulate. Bird-David agrees with Sahlins when the later posits that hunter-gatherers have limited needs. On the other side of the coin, she does not share the view that the foragers observe the â€Å"Zen stategy† (Sahlins 1972:2) in living. Instead they pursue the sharing way to affluence. They do so in four ways: by going on, by socializing through sharing, hunting and gathering, by appropriating themselves what they see rather than looking for something they want and by praising the goodness and ge nerosity of nature. However, if Bird-David still thinks that

Critic On Huckleberry Finn (320 words) Essay Example For Students

Critic On Huckleberry Finn (320 words) Essay Critic On Huckleberry FinnI felt that this novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain is appropriate and necessary toillustrate the attitudes of pre-Civil war Americans. To me, this book just shows the life of two runawaypeople and their life along the Mississippi River. The first time I read this book, I really did not realize thatMark Twain was discriminating blacks. I think that the NCAAP is too worried about literature. MarkTwain probably wrote this book and used terms such as the N- word to show realism in his book. The wayMark Twain puts the book together combined with his way of speech makes the book sound so real thatyou could confuse it with a autobiography of a little child named Huck. The book Huckleberry Finn waswritten about a time between 1835s-50s. This meant that during Hucks time, slavery was still around andmost whites during this time do not like blacks. The N- word just literally show us what white people thinkof blacks at that time. They use this wor!d to verbally express their feelings. However, I am not trying to say that Huck calls Jim a N- because hedoes not like him. He probably picked it up from other people (adults). Besides this vulgarity as An Lewhas put it, this book in my eyes is a perfectly good reading book for young people. It is exciting,adventurous, and realistic. Most of the N- words are used by Huck and as you see of their relationshiptogether, you know that Huck does not mean it in a bad way. Since this word was used and passed aroundfor quite some time, Huck must have picked it up from someone and is using it sort of as a slang forAfrican Americans. They are messing with one of the greatest and most famous writers around. I dontthink this book is very prejudice at all. . . it is just very expressionable.

Compare and Contrast Three Codes free essay sample

The increase in the number of practicing psychologists and the fields in which they are employed worldwide necessitates the assurance that the highest ethical standards are abided by to protect the welfare of the client, student, organisation and profession. One definition of professional ethics states that it concerns ones conduct of behaviour and practice when carrying out professional work. Such work may include consulting, researching, teaching and writing. The institutionalisation of Codes of Conduct and Codes of Practice is common with many professional bodies for their members to adhere to. A professional possesses special knowledge and expertise in his particular field and as a result they are expected to make informed ethical decisions. With knowledge comes power and responsibility and as a result many professionals are expected to abide by their respective professional body’s code of ethics. A code of ethics simply outlines the responsibilities and ideals of a profession. These codes not only seek to protect the client but also aim to preserve the integrity profession. Failure to abide by these codes of ethics may result in disciplinary action (banning or license suspension) from the governing professional body. Whilst having an established code of ethics aids in the distinction between right and wrong, each situation which professionals may encounter will be unique. The professional’s interpretation of the code of ethics is what may be the impetus for the ethical decision made. Sometimes the ethical code outlined may not be applicable, feasible or even culturally relevant. Therefore the reality of the situation is that even though codes of ethics seek to establish universal standards which professionals should abide by, many times there heterogeneous aspects involved in the actual practice of the profession and standard rules and regulations may not always be helpful when deciding what is best for the client. The aim of an ethical code regardless of its country of origon is to provide practice guidelines for the professional to not necessarily follow to the letter but to use as a reference point, for xample when starting out as a student the Codes and the accompanying guidelines serve to educate with regards to protocol and procedures expected by the discipline. One example of this is with regards to the storing of client’s records. During the process of becoming a practicing psychologist the aim therefore is to become familiar with the code and accompanying guidelines to guide practice and to use it as a reference point when ethical dilemmas ar ise. The content and language used in ethics codes can differ between countries which for example, can be accounted for by the type of society, individualistic or collectivistic, and their values. With this in mind the aim of this piece of work is to compare and contrast three codes from similar societies; Australia (APS), Great Britian (BPS) and the United States of America (APA) beginning with a brief comparison of the structure of the code and the nature of the languge used leading to an in depth analysis of the content of the three codes with regards to potential issues that may arise for the newly qualified psychologist. Each of the codes introduces the reader to the code and its applicability to the profession in the introduction and preamble, the APS also includes an explanation of the terms used within the code. The BPS contains a section called ‘Decision Making’ in which they identify the most common areas (according to members) where and in which situations ethical dilemmas most frequently arise, the APA deals with resolving ethical issues within the content of the ethical standards likewise with the APS no specific section deals with decision making so to speak, each potential source of ethical dilemmas are dealt with in their relevant section of the code. The language used witin the code directed at the professional is indicctive of the nature of the code, both the APA and the APS begin each sentence with â€Å"Psychologists† suggesting that is what they should aspire to, in contrast to this the BPS directs the psychologist by saying that the â€Å"Psychologists should and must†. General Principles The codes vary slightly with the number of General Principles within each, whic are as follows; APA; A Respect for the rights and dignity of people and peoples B Propriety C Integrity BPS; 1: Respect 2: Competence : Responsibility 4: Integrity APA: A: Beneficience and Nonmaleficience B: Fidelity and Responsibility C: Integrity D: Justice E: Respect for people’s rights and dignity Each general principle is preceeded by an ‘explanatory statement’ (APS) or a ‘Statement of values’ (BPS). In contrast the APA prior to the ethical standards presents an explanatory paragraph for each of the general pri nciples. Additionally, the APA gives reference to associated standards for example standard 6. 01 (regarding documentation of records) gives reference to standard 4. 1(maintaining confidentiality) to be taken into consideration when making ethical decisions. The APS makes reference to associated standards to give meaning to the standard being described. Although it is essential that practising psychologists have a thorough understanding of the code and the associated guidelines there are a number of issues that a newly qualified psychologist needs to know in depth, these are pertaining to; record keeping, competence, informed consent, multiple relationships, confidentiality and the administration of psychological tests and assessments. Record Keeping